Socialism and social democracy

The term "socialism", used from the 1830s onwards in FranceUnited Kingdom, was directly related to what was called the social question, in essence the problem that the emergence of competitive market societies did not create "liberty, equality and fraternity" for all citizens, requiring the intervention of politics and social reform to tackle social problems, injustices and grievances (a topic on which Jean-Jacques Rousseau discourses at length in his classic work The Social Contract). Originally the term "socialist" was often used interchangeably with "co-operative", "mutualist", "associationist" and "collectivist". and the

The term social democracy originally referred to the political project of extending democraticpopular sovereignty, the universal franchise and social ownership for the rule of a propertied class which had exclusive voting rights. forms of association to the whole of society, substituting

Baca selengkapnya......

Social Theorists

In the view of Karl Marx, human beings are intrinsically, necessarily and by definition social beings who - beyond being "gregarious creatures" - cannot survive and meet their needs other than through social co-operation and association. Their social characteristics are therefore to a large extent an objectively given fact, stamped on them from birth and affirmed by socializationrelations of production which are "independent of their will". processes; and, according to Marx, in producing and reproducing their material life, people must necessarily enter into

By contrast, the sociologist Max Weber for example defines human action as "social" if, by virtue of the subjective meanings attached to the action by individuals, it "takes account of the behavior of others, and is thereby oriented in its course". In this case, the "social" domain really exists only in the intersubjective relations between individuals, but by implication the life of these individuals also exists in part outside the social domain. "Social" is thus implicitly also contrasted with "private".

In the positivist sociology of Emile Durkheim, a social fact is an abstraction external to the individual which constrains that individual's actions. In his 1895 work Rules of Sociological Method, Durkheim writes: "A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an influence, or an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general throughout a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations." In Durkheim's view, sociology is 'the science of social facts'.

Baca selengkapnya......

Definition of Social

Social refers to a characteristic of living organisms (humans in particular, though biologists also apply the term to populations of animals and insects). It always refers to the interaction of organisms with other organisms and to their collective co-existence, irrespective of whether they are aware of it or not, and irrespective of whether the interaction is voluntary or involuntary.

Definition

In the absence of agreement about its meaning, the term "social" is used in many different senses, referring among other things to:

• attitudes, orientations or behaviours which take the interests, intentions or needs of other people into account (in contrast to anti-social behaviour);
• common characteristics of people or descriptions of collectivities (social facts);
• relations between people (social relations) generally, or particular associations among people;
• interactions between people (social action);
• membership of a group of people or inclusion or belonging to a community of people;
• co-operation or co-operative characteristics between people;
• relations of (mutual) dependence;
• the public sector ("social sector") or the need for governance for the good of all, contrasted with the private sector;
• in existentialist and postmodernist thought, relationships between the Self and the Other;
• interactive systems in communities of people, animal or insect populations, or any living organisms.

In one broad meaning, "social" refers only to society as "a system of common life", but in another sense it contrasts specifically with "individual" and individualist theories of society. This is reflected for instance in the different perspectives of liberalism and socialism on society and public affairs.

The adjective "social" implies that the verb or noun to which it is applied is somehow more communicative, cooperative, and moderated by contact with human beings, than if it were omitted. That is, it implies that larger society has played some role in defining the idea or the principle. For instance terms like social realism, social justice, social constructivism, social psychology and social capital imply that there is some social process involved or considered, a process that is not there in regular, "non-social", realism, justice, constructivism, psychology, or capital.

The adjective "social" is also used often in political discourse, although its meaning in such a context depends heavily on who is using it. In left-wing circles it is often used to imply a positive characteristic, while in right-wing circles it is generally used to imply a negative characteristic. It should also be noted that, overall, this adjective is used much more often by those on the political left than by those on the political right.

For these reasons, those seeking to avoid association with the left-right political debates often seek to label their work with phrases that do not include the word "social". An example is quasi-empiricism in mathematics which is sometimes labelled social constructivism by those who see it as an unwarranted intrusion of social considerations in mathematical practice, which is supposed to be "objective" and "above" social concerns.

Baca selengkapnya......

Development of Social Welfare

Development in the field of Social Welfare is an effort to realize the achievement of social justice for all people. Substance is an effort to give the opportunity of broadest equally in improving social welfare for the community, especially for people less fortunate / poor through the activities of social welfare which was the effective, organized and sustained. Business is a function of social welfare society, which is an activity that was conducted on the basis of awareness and a sense of social responsibility, by and for people in the region. While social welfare itself is a system of life and of social, material and regeneration is covered by a sense of safety, decency and inner ketentraman of birth and that allows each of the residents of both individuals, families and groups can arrange fulfillment physical, spiritual and social with the uphold human rights is based on Pancasila. Role of the community is a very important factor for achieving success in the field of development of social welfare. Therefore, considering the reality, not all citizens have the ability to be able to carry out a social good, because of the limited skills, knowledge and insight as well as other factors, the need of businesses to continue to enhance the role of the community in development in the field of business social welfare is. One of them through the activities of a concrete, realistic and practical approach to the social productive in accordance with the economic potential of each region is a Social Business Poor economic Productive Family (USEP KM). USEP KM is a process of guidance and counseling services and social welfare to poor families (poor) through economically productive approach in the framework of increasing the income implemented gradually, in the form of ongoing group activities Business Social Productive the economic Mandiri. With USEP through KM is expected to improve and develop the Business Social and Productive economic increase family income in order to improve social welfare for families, groups and the poor. Realize the social conditions of poor people more dynamic, have the willingness and ability to improve and develop social function based on both the sense of concern and solidarity in the process of social activities in the region, including able to prevent and overcome the social problems existing in the region. In addition to creating a process of social institutions as a fetus is capable of maintaining the cooperative, increasing business activities and develop social productive economic expansion as an alternative to the coverage of social welfare issues with the confidence that based / ketaqwaan to God. For city of Yogyakarta, with a population of 86,055 poor soul into the 25,855 poor families, such as that described by Drs. I Harto, Head of Rehabilitation Penyandang Section issues on the Social Department of Social Welfare of Yogyakarta, until the year 2006 the Government of Yogyakarta through the Department of Social Welfare has established and built 46 KM Group USEP with each member of the 30 people in 45 villages. Yogyakarta City Government, through the 2006 budget has allocated Rp. 19,714,000, - for guidance in USEP KM. In the year 2007 with the same amount of budget, the Office of Social Welfare of Yogyakarta forward to build and develop these groups USEP KM. Program improvement and development of society through USEP KM carried out by means of activities such as providing a chain Stimulation / development to the community. Stimulation early beneficiaries are members of the community who built the group. Stimulation through a chain of expected binaan USEP KM able to conduct activities that try to grow and develop. Stimulation capital provided to citizens is a binaan help individual business capital management should be in accordance with the agreement in the discussion groups. In the management of possible merger of some kind of business people who must meet certain conditions. USEP KM citizens have an obligation to develop the funds have been received for the business activities of social economic and productive. It also obliged to collect data management group conducted USEP KM as a report for the builder and then reported to the Department of Social Welfare with the village with the local District of copies. Reports are made periodically with a minimum frequency of once every 6 months. Through USEP KM activities are expected to dig up resources that have the potential to stimulate self-reliance and social families, business groups terbinanya be based by the sense of social solidarity, self and melembaga on a later time to be able fetus cooperatives. This activity is expected to create a human being has a self-sufficient economic perspective while maintaining the values glorious culture of the nation, who can guarantee dilestarikan social attitudes in the community

Baca selengkapnya......

Business Social Welfare

Main tasks that underlie the birth of Karang Taruna is their concern on environment-related community efforts to promote the efforts of welfare. Karang Taruna realized in a participatory way they can make the effort of handling social problems existing in accordance with the potential and the capacity. Karang Taruna concern for issues of social urnumnya awakened from the values of the environmental community. The form of activities and type of problems that in any variety, according to the situation and the prominent problems in the environment of the surrounding community. The types of social problems by, among other Karang Taruna envisaged in the table below: NO TYPES OF PROBLEMS 1 Elderly 2 Children & Family 3 Poor Poor 4 Social Tuna 5 With Disabilities 6 Teen hoax 7 HIV / AIDS and NAPZA 8 Disaster Victims Along with the organization Karang Taruna dewasanya, forms of activities and approaches that were held in the process of handling various social problems that come to the attention Karang Taruna even more creative. Starting from the simple to the handling of a planned and organized well. Technical assistance from social institutions are related to, and the management of previous experience in managing similar activities are often used as reference by the next superintendent, both in the planning of activities and reporting activities. In general, the forms and approaches that their activities conducted in the field of UKS is as follows: The provision of assistance in the form of direct or natura basic needs to the people of the problem. Services, to provide energy assistance, distribute, register, provide information, etc.. Assistance, provide guidance and technical assistance programs in particular cooperation with the government and NGOs. Counseling, social assistance, to provide motivation, consulting, mediating, and the youth's mental development. Advocacy, to encourage the participation of the community together in a joint program intended for the settlement of problems with the environment and make improvements to the village in gotong royong.

Baca selengkapnya......

Social Walfare

Speaking on "Social Welfare" language or my village "social walfare" then arise in the first we thought surely something about the "noble." True? What right,,,, Welfare! Origin said it was "safe" that can be defined as follows: 1.Dalam general terms, refers to the prosperous situation of both, the human condition in which people in the prosperous, healthy and in a state of peace. 2.Dalam economic benefits associated with the prosperous objects. Sejahtera memliki special meaning or technical official. 3.Dalam of social policy, social welfare services to reach to meet the needs of the community. This is the term used in the prosperous countries of ideas (walfare state). 4.Di the United States, prosperous to the money paid by the government to the people who need financial assistance, but it can not work, or the case of income received to meet the basic needs is not easy street. The amount paid is usually far below the poverty line, and also have special conditions, such as proof of a job or looking for other conditions, such as disability or obligation to keep the child, who can work to prevent it. In some cases, even the recipient of the funds required to work, and is known as workfare. Social welfare is a situation or condition where the social (community) is in good condition, peaceful, safe, healthy, and safe. Social welfare (kessos) has become a matter that is not taboo for the country of Indonesia. This is evidenced by the many government programs that are rujukannya for social welfare. In addition, many universities appear to make Sciences Social Welfare Department as one of the departments in the Faculty of it. We can not pungkiri, in European countries, social welfare is a main goal of any major movement in the development of the country. And it has been happening there. And Indonesia will also be likely to follow these countries walfare state. Good luck.

Baca selengkapnya......